Verbs

Verbs in Avar do not conjugate according to person - the same form is used for all persons in a given tense:

дица цIалула i read
дуца цIалула you read
дос цIалула

If the verb contains a class marker, that marker changes according to the subject:

дов вачIана he came
дой ячIана she came
доб бачIана it came

or the object:

эбелалъ гьабуна квен mother made *food*
эбелалъ гьаруна хинкIал mother made *khinkal (dumplings)*
эбелалъ гьавуна вас mother bore *a son*
эбелалъ гьаюна яс mother bore *a daughter*

Verbs can be roughly subdivided into modern (infinitive in (V(й)-зе) and archaic (infinitive in -ине) conjugations.

Modern Conjugation

Infinitive цIализе "to read" (root цIал-, masdar цIали)

	Affirmative		Negative
Tense	Verbal Form	Converb	Verbal Form	Converb
Present	цIалула	цIалулеб	цIалуларо	цIалулареб
Future	цIалила	цIалилеб	цIалиларо	цIалилареб
Past	цIалана	цIалараб	цIаличIо	цIаличIеб
Past Participle	цIалун		цIаличIого
Imperative	цIале		цIалуге

Archaic Conjugation

Infinitive бачIине "to come" (root бачI- with initial class marker > вачI-/ячI-/рачI-; masdar бачIин)

	Affirmative		Negative
Tense	Verbal Form	Converb	Verbal Form	Converb
Present	бачIуна	бачIунеб	бачIунаро	бачIунареб
Future	бачIина	бачIинеб	бачIинаро	бачIинареб
Past	бачIана	бачIараб	бачIинчIо	бачIинчIеб
Past Participle	бачIун		бачIинчIого
Imperative	бачIа		бачIунге

Conjugation Classes

Class	1	2	3	4	5	6
Infinitive	-изе	-езе	-зе	-уйзе	-везе	-ине
Present	-ула	-ола	-ла	-у(й)ла	-ола	-уна
Future	-ила	-ела	-ла	-вила	-вела	-ина
Past	-ана(-уна)	-ана(-уна)	-на	-уна	-уна/-вана	-ана
Past Participle	-ун	-ун	-н	-ун	-ун	-ун
Imperative	-е	-а/-е(й)	-й	-уй	-ве/-ва	-а

The first five classes pertain to modern verbs.

Class 1 - ending -изе

This is by far the most common type.
There is a subgroup which takes -уна instead of -ана in the past tense:
цIализе > цIалана
but
хъамизе > хъамуна

These are verbs with roots that end in a labial consonant, but there is one notable exception:
жемизе "to wind/twist" (past жемана)

Another exception is гьабизе "to be born/made", where the past tense remains -уна regardless of whether the class marker is a labial consonant or not:
гьавуна, гьаюна, гьабуна, гьаруна

Class 2 - ending -езе

Like Class 1, there are two subgroups - those with past in -ана and those in -уна.

Those that take -ана are generally syllabic roots:

кьаб-езе "to fight" > кьабана
хIанчI-езе "to bite" > хIанчIана

While those in -уна are not:

кь-езе "to give" > кьуна
лъезе "to put/place" > лъуна
ккезе "to happen" > ккуна

Exception:

чIезе " to stop" > чIана

There is no hard and fast rule for the imperative ending, however. Generally the ending is -e:

кьабезе "to fight" > кьабе
хIанчIезе > хIанчIе
кьезе > кье
лъезе > лъе

But there are some that end in -а:

ккезе > кка
чIезе > чIа
нечезе "to be embarrassed/ashamed" > неча

And others that end in -ей:

хIапдезе > ей
чвалхезе > чвалхей
лъедезе "to swim" > лъедей
лъехьезе "to sweep" > лъехьей

Class 3 - ending -зе.

All of these are roots ending in either -а (more common), -o or -у.

The verb пуйзе "to blow", which appears to be a Class 4 verb, is in fact conjugated as Class 3

пуйзе > пула пула пуна пуй

базе is 3rd class + class marker

Class 4 - ending -уйзе.

This is a tiny class of verbs mostly associated with water or liquids.
There are only two major verbs in this class, which only differ in whether they contain й in the present

ччуйзе "to dip/immerse" > ччуйла

or not:

туйзе "to spit" > тула

Class 5 - ending -везе

This is a fairly small group of verbs. The conjugation is more or less the same as Class 2 but with an added в that disappears before the labialized vowels о and у. There is no hard and fast rule for which past or imperative ending is used, though verbs with a past ending in -уна tend to take the imperative ending -ве:

кквезе "to hold/grasp" > ккуна ккве
халкквезе "to observe/watch" > халккуна халккве
хъвезе "to cut/stab" > хъуна хъве

while those with the past ending -вана take the imperative ending -ва:

хвезе "to die" > хвана хва
кIвезе "to be capable/able (to do something)" > кIвана кIва
щвезе "to reach/arrive" > щвана щва

Class 6 - archaic verbs in -ине.

These all follow the same conjugation as бачIине "to come"
The verb ине "to go" is in itself a verbal ending for the archaic verbs > ине, уна, ина, ана, ун, а
There is one verb that ends in -ене:
кІочене "to forget" кIочона, кIочена, кIочана, кIочон, кIоча
But only the past participle кIочон is commonly used, in the more common parallel form кIочон тезе "to forget"
There is also an alternative form квене "to eat", which has the following conjugation:
куна, квена, квана, кун, квай
but this is generally replaced by the regular Class 3 verb кваназе in the literary language.

As in many languages, the verb букIине "to be" is an exception.
It is conjugated like a regular archaic verb, except for the present tense, where the root consonant кI becomes г:

	Affirmative		Negative
Tense	Verbal Form	Converb	Verbal Form	Converb
Present	буго	бугеб	гьечIо	гьечIеб
Present/Aorist	букIуна	букIунеб	букIунаро	букIунареб
Future	букIина	букIинеб	букIинаро	букIинареб
Past	букIана	букIараб	букIинчIо	букIинчIеб
Past Participle	букIун		букIинчIого
Imperative	букIа		букIунге

Another exceptional feature of this verb is that the initial vowel -у- in all forms changes to -и- when the feminine class marker is added:

дов вуго "he is" but дой йиго "she is" (and not юго)

The tenses in Avar

Apart from the three simple tenses, there are various other compound tenses formed by combinations of suffixes, participial forms (including converbs) and the auxiliary verb буго:

Tense	Affirmative	Negative
Simple forms
Simple Present/Aorist	цIалула "I(/you/he) read(s)"	цIалуларо "I(you/he) don't(doesn't) read"
Simple Past	цIалана "read"	цIаличIо "didn't read"
Future	цIалила "will read"	цIалиларо "will not read"
Imperative	цIале "Read (it)"	цIалуге "Don't read (it)"
Complex synthetic
Past continuous	цIалулаан "was reading"	цIалулароан "wasn't reading"
Future irrealis	цIалилаан "if...would read"	цIалилароан "if...wouldn't read"
Imperative 1st p.	цIализин "Let's read"	_
Imperative (prescriptive).	цIалеги "May you/he read"	_
Present Conditional	цIалани "if ... reads"	цIаличIони "if ... doesn't read"
Present/future (Hypothetical) Conditional	цIалулебани "If ... was reading"	_
Past (Irrealis) Conditional	цIаларабани "If ... had read"	цIаличIебани "If ... hadn't read"
Complex analytic
Future concrete	цIализе буго "will ('is to') read"	цIализе гьечIо "will not ('is not to') read"
Future	цIализе букIина "will have to read"	цIализе букIинаро "will not have to read read"
Present Continuous	цIалулеб буго "is reading"	цIалулеб гьечIо "is not reading"
Past Iterative	цIалулеб букIана "was reading" (repeatedly)	цIалулеб букIинчIо "was not reading"
Reported past imperfect	цIалулеб букIун буго "apparently was reading"
Past Perfect	цIалун буго "has read"	цIалун гьечIо "hasn't read"
Pluperfect	цIалун букIуна "had read"	цIалун букIунаро "hadn't read"
Past Imperfect (lasting short period of time)	цIалун букIана
Reported past perfect	цIалун букIун буго "apparently had read"

Interrogative forms are formed differently, depending on whether there is a question word in the sentence or not. Without a question words, the suffix -ищ attached to the end of the verb:
мун магIарулав вуго. you are an avar.
мун магIарулав вугищ? are you an avar.
мун магIарулав гьечIо. you are not an avar.
мун магIарулав гьечIищ? aren't you an avar?
vowels -а and -о are dropped; -е is retained and a -й- is inserted to preserve euphony:
цIализейищ? to read (or not)?
There is another suffix used to form the interrogative, -дай:
цIаланадай? did you read?
цIалиладай? will you read?
if there is a question word, then the converb form is used:
мун дове унев вуго. you are going *there*.
мун киве унев вугев? *where* are you going?

Derived forms:
causative is formed by adding (гь)абизе to the infinitive -е
цIализ-абизе to cause to read
воржин-абизе to cause to fly
Эбелалъ васазда тIехь цIализабуна - The mother made her sons read the book.

Frequentative verbs can be formed using various affixes:
-ар- (the most productive affix):
гьикъизе to ask (once) > гьикъаризе to ask (repeatedly)
хисизе to change > хисаризе
малълъизе to teach/educate > малълъаризе
боржине to fly > боржаризе
-д-(roots ending in -а, and also reduplicated and onomatopoeic forms):
кьвагьизе to shoot > кьвагьдезе to shoot repeatedly
лъалъадизе to pour
мимидизе to meow
къуркъудизе to croak
гIергIедизе to moo
-дар- (from verbs of the type CV and denominational verbs):
хъвазе to write > хъвадаризе
пуйзе to blow > пударизе
гогьдизе to be naughty > гогьдаризе
-олд-:
гьекъезе to drink > гьекъолдизе
-ахъд-:
бекеризе to run > бекерахъдизе
-анхъ- (generally in verbs of motion):
боржине to fly > боржанхъизе
белъизе to laugh > белъанхъизе
-рд-:
кIичIизе to bend > кIичIардизе
or by vowel shifts:
кIүтIизе to knock > кIетIезе to knock for a long time/repeatedly
тункизе to push > тенкезе
тIуркIизе to twitch/jerk > тIеркIезе